Ghana, often hailed as a beacon of democracy in Africa, has a troubling history of violence during bye-elections and rerun elections. Since the return to constitutional rule in 1992, the country has witnessed numerous incidents of electoral violence, which have marred its democratic credentials. This article delves into the history of such violence, highlighting key incidents and the brutalities that have accompanied them.
The Early Years: 1992-2000
The Fourth Republic began with high hopes for a peaceful democratic process. However, the 1992 general elections were marred by allegations of rigging and violence. The opposition boycotted the parliamentary elections, leading to a one-party parliament. This set the stage for future electoral disputes and violence.
The Atiwa Bye-Election: 2010
One of the most notable incidents of electoral violence occurred during the Atiwa bye-election in 2010. The election was held to fill the parliamentary seat left vacant by the death of the incumbent MP. The campaign period was marked by tension and clashes between supporters of the New Patriotic Party (NPP) and the National Democratic Congress (NDC). On election day, violence erupted at several polling stations, leading to injuries and the destruction of property.
The Talensi Bye-Election: 2015
The Talensi bye-election in 2015 was another significant event in Ghana’s history of electoral violence. The election was held to replace the MP who had been appointed as a paramount chief. The campaign was characterized by accusations and counteraccusations between the NPP and NDC. On election day, there were reports of gunshots, assaults, and intimidation. Several people were injured, and the police had to intervene to restore order.
The Ayawaso West Wuogon Bye-Election: 2019
The Ayawaso West Wuogon bye-election in 2019 is perhaps the most infamous example of electoral violence in Ghana. The election was held to replace the late MP, and the campaign was highly contentious. On election day, masked men believed to be national security operatives stormed the La Bawaleshie polling station, attacking voters and opposition party agents. The violence left several people injured and led to widespread condemnation from civil society and international observers.
The Ablekuma North Rerun Election: 2025
The Ablekuma North rerun election in 2025 was another dark chapter in Ghana’s electoral history. The rerun was ordered by the court after the initial election results were disputed. On election day, unidentified supposed to be NDC thugs stormed the polling station, assaulting prominent figures and causing chaos. The violence led to injuries, highlighting the deep-seated tensions in the constituency .
The Future of Ghana’s Democracy
The history of bye-elections and rerun elections violence in Ghana is a stark reminder of the challenges facing the country’s democracy. While Ghana has made significant strides in consolidating its democratic gains, the recurring incidents of electoral violence threaten to undermine these achievements. It is imperative for political leaders, security agencies, and civil society to work together to ensure peaceful and credible elections in the future.
Ghana’s journey towards a mature democracy has been fraught with challenges, particularly in the form of electoral violence. The incidents in Atiwa, Talensi, Ayawaso West Wuogon, and Ablekuma North serve as grim reminders of the need for vigilance and commitment to peaceful democratic processes. As the country prepares for future elections, it is crucial to address the root causes of electoral violence and promote a culture of peace and tolerance.